The steel slag mainly consists of SiO 2, CaO, Fe 2 O 3, FeO, Al 2 O 3, MgO, MnO, and P 2 O 5. The composition of steelmaking slags varies greatly from batch to batch, depending on the type of steel produced (e.g., carbon steel vs. stainless steels), the quality of starting raw materials and pretreatment process (Yi et al. 2012 ).